Handling Theory & Data

The following graph shows the line that Chrysler engineers found to represent a neutral handling line for short track cars.  What follows is a description of how this can be useful in determining front and rear spring rates and sway bar selection.

The line represents y=-0.51x+94.11 where y=% front wt. and x = % front roll resistance.
This line was emperically created by Direct Connection based on oval track results and published in Mopar Oval Track Modifications Book. copyright 1983 Chrysler Corp. pp.204-6 (Bulletin 141).  It was also published in Mike Martin's Mopar Suspension book although he may have tweaked it.
 The version here was created using a MS Exel spreadsheet program.
Although the chart was based on oval track cars, not road race, rally or autocrossers, it can be very useful.  Using the data available, it appears that when the roll and weight distribution for the original Barracuda suspensions in the late '60s are plotted, a line with the same slope is formed.  However, this line is far to the left.  This suggests two things.  One, for any given situation, the slope of the neutral line will be the same.  Two, oversteer and understeer are relative to the specific application - so one should not think that because the OEM suspensions made a line to the left of the oval track line, that the OEM cars oversteered.

However, it does seem that if one makes handling improvements to the car, and keeps the front/rear balance to original neutral line, that it will tend to oversteer.  This is in fact the set-up prefered by some for autocross, but can be rather dangerous for track and higher speed events with other vehicles around.

So, the chart can be useful for getting an initial ballpark set-up, but it is even more useful once you know the vehicle's set-up, how it feels, and where you would like it to go.  I'll use my car as an example, but first a word about the information required.

To use this method, the following information is needed.  It is not always easy to obtain, but it is important to get it.  It is possible to ballpark with (semi-) published data.  But much harder to make decisions without the actual numbers.

On the scales, the car weighed 3201 lbs. without driver, no spare tire and 1/2 tank of gas.  Of this 58% was on the front.
The car was initially set up with a 200 #/in torsion bars, a 1.125 Addco type sway bar, and 180 #/in rear springs.  If the non-adjustable bar was as about stiff as my new adjustable in the soft setting, I come up with a roll resistance of 850 #/in.  of which 72.9 % is done by the front.

Total Roll Resistance = Front Roll Resistance + Rear Roll Resistance.
Front Roll Resistance = Torsion bar rate * 2 + sway bar rate * (distance of sway bar ends/front track)
Rear Roll Resistance= leaf spring rate*(distance between spring perches/rear track)*2 + rear sway bar rate * (distance of sway bar ends/rear track)

"Great" you say. What does that get you?  Well, after 12 years and 80 k miles with some stressful duties, the rear leaf springs actually measured 167 #/in and 136 #/in. However, the balance felt really good.  In part this was due to alignment improvements, but in part because the rear springs were weaker, so the car was less twitchy on the highway.  Calculating this out and plotting it on the chart revealed the span of how much the cars balance may have drifted since 1991.  These are shown as circles on the chart - marked '91 and '02.

Now, I had also determined to reduce roll that I was now experiencing in autocross - in part due to the better tires and wheels, and maybe in part due to the weaker rear springs and use of the pinion snubber.  To eliminate wheel hop and improve launch without the pinion snubber, I wanted an static load rear spring arch the same as my old springs had at the end of '02, but a lot stiffer spring.  The Mopar Performance Super Stock Springs for the lightweight cars (2800#), might due the trick, but they are rated at 160 #/in or so we are told. Landum offered short track springs starting 1" lower than my old springs, but with a rate of 200#/in.  Before going to custom springs, we plotted out the options.

Going with the Super Stock springs might have worked with the 247#/in torsion bars (1.09" dia.) if I could have moved 50 lbs off of the front and onto the rear.  That change significantly shifts the weight percentage. Something close to that might be accomplisshed by moving the battery to the trunk.  However, that is not an option at the moment as I don't have room for a trailer and need the trunk space to cary the tires and tools to the events.   The other option with the Super Stock springs would have been to stick with the 200#/in torsion bars, but even on the softest sway bar setting, the balance would be slightly on the understeer side.  However this remains a posible fall back position if the car proves twitchy.  It is marked SS on the graph.

The plan for '03 is marked 03- and 03+ showing the range of adjustment expected from the sway bar.  It is based on using the 200#/in leafs and the 247 #/in torsion bars.  Also note that the chart shows that the adjustment available from the sway bar is just about a half step change in torsion bar size.
 
 
Label Torsion Bars Leaf Total Roll Rate % Front Roll Rate
91 (1991) 1.03= 200#/in 180 #/in 897 69.1
02 (at end of 2002) 1.03=200#/in avg of 167+132  850 72.9
SS  1.03=200#/in 160 #/in 866 71.5
1.09, 50# Shift 1.09=242#/in 160 #/in 950 74.1
03- 1.09=242#/in 200 #/in 1012 69.5
03+ 1.09=242#/in 200 #/in 1062 70.9

Spring Data
    Most manufactures of torsion bars can give you the spring rate, and since the motion ratio of a torsion bar is one, the wheel rate is the same as the torsion bar rate.  Mopar Perfomance supplies torsion bars up to 1.14" dia. for A-bodies.
    Finding spring rates for the sway bars and leaf springs is more difficult.  You can come up with a calculated number for the sway bars and if you use Saner to make up your sway bar, he'll do this for you.  For the leaf springs, Chrysler has some data published, but I have had no luck in finding suppliers who can do anything with the OEM part numbers.  The current p-part super stock springs are all rated 160 #/in and I beleive that is spring rate, not roll rate.
 
 

Stock Barracuda Wt & Wt Distribution from Published Data.
1966 Barracuda S    3280 lbs.                        56 % ft. (w/ driver)     Road & Track
1966 Barracuda S    2820 curb, 3100  test    57 % ft. (w/ driver)     Car & Driver
1967 NB 6  a/c        3280 curb, 3580 test,      58.9 %                        Car Life
1967 FB 273 p/b    3310 curb, 3720 test,        54.9 %                        Car Life
1969 FB 340 p/b p/s  3470 curb,  3650 test,    55.1 %  (w/ driver)     Car Life  (car tested w/ K-H  alum. rims)
1969 FB 440            3405 curb, 3740 test,       57.2 %  (w/ driver)     Car Life
1970 340 p/s p/b     3630 curb, 4020 test,        56 %   (w/ driver)        Car Life
1970 AAR                3585 curb                        56.1 %                            Car Life
1972 340 p/s p/b        3520 curb                       56.8 %                            Car & Driver

Magazine articles all reprinted in Brooklands Books Plymouth Barracuda 1964-1974
There are some disparities as you can see, but it is a starting point if you don't have scales.
My car was weighed at Englishtown (w/ 150 lbs. of tools) subtracting the tools.
1967 NB 340        3240 lbs. and reweighed in 2003 at 3201.
   Lower curb wt. can be attributed to alum. intake, alum water pump, manual steering, manual brakes.  Car was weighed with cast aluminum rims as well IIRC.  all those items add up.  fuel level was prob 1/2 tank.  The fastbacks may have slightly more weight on the rear than the notchbacks.
 
 

A Priori [by testing] Roll Rate:
In 1992, we ran the car on a skid pad during an autocross.  The G-analyst measured roughly .82 G in the circle, and the two photographs we took show roughly 4 degrees of body roll.  Therefore total roll rate was 5.5 to 6.6 degree/G.
In 2002, tests on a skidpad averaged 0.88 G steady state, but no pictures were taken. The higher G can probably be attributed mostly to the better tires and rims. Although an adjustable sway bar was installed, it was left in the softest position, estimated at 299 lbs/inch.

'69 Formula S Set-up for comparison.
0.87" Torsion bar: 100 lbs/in. wheel rate
0.88" Sway Bar: 77 lbs/degree
Rear Leaf Springs: 132 lbs/in ride rate at wheel (not sure how to interpret that)

revised April '03